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Acoustics - Formula Sheet

Key Formulas

Formula	Description	Symbol Definitions
*V = n λ**	Wave Velocity Equation	V: Velocity of the sound wave (ms^-1) n: Frequency of the wave (Hz) λ: Wavelength of the wave (m)
n = 1 / T	Frequency and Time Period Relationship	n: Frequency of the sound wave (Hz) T: Time period of one wave cycle (s)
*d = v t / 2**	Minimum Distance for Echo Perception	d: Distance to reflecting surface (m) v: Speed of sound in the medium (ms^-1) t: Total round-trip time for echo (s)
*n' = [ (v ± v_L) / (v ∓ v_s) ] n**	Doppler Effect General Equation	n': Apparent frequency heard by listener (Hz) n: Original frequency of the source (Hz) v: Velocity of sound in medium (ms^-1) v_L: Velocity of the listener (ms^-1) v_s: Velocity of the source (ms^-1)

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