Types of Chemical Reactions - Formula Sheet

Key Formulas and Equations

1. Rate of Chemical Reaction

\(\text{Rate of Reaction} = \frac{\Delta \text{Concentration}}{\Delta t}\)

Where \(\Delta \text{Concentration}\) is the change in concentration of reactants or products, and \(\Delta t\) is the time interval.

2. Ionic Product of Water (\(K_w\))

\(K_w = [H^+][OH^-] = 1.0 \times 10^{-14} \text{ M}^2 \text{ at } 25^\circ\text{C}\)

Where \(K_w\) is the ionic product of water, \([H^+]\) is the hydrogen ion concentration in moles per litre, and \([OH^-]\) is the hydroxide ion concentration in moles per litre.

3. pH and pOH Relationships

\(pH = -\log_{10}[H^+]\)

\(pOH = -\log_{10}[OH^-]\)

\(pH + pOH = 14 \text{ at } 25^\circ\text{C}\)

Where \(pH\) measures acidity, and \(pOH\) measures alkalinity.

4. Ion Concentrations from pH / pOH

\([H^+] = 10^{-pH}\)

\([OH^-] = 10^{-pOH} = \frac{K_w}{[H^+]}\)