21 extra multiple-choice questions for Resources (12th Standard Geography, Samacheer Kalvi), beyond the ones printed in the textbook — each with the correct option highlighted and a clear, worked explanation. Free to read in English and Tamil.
Q1
Which fuel is used in Voyager 1, the spacecraft launched in 1977 that is still travelling at about 17 km per second?
- A. HydrazineCorrect
- B. Hydrogen
- C. Natural gas
- D. Uranium
Explanation. The lesson's introduction says Voyager 1, launched in 1977, runs on hydrazine. It adds that the future fuel is certainly going to be hydrogen.
Q2
Resources like air which exist everywhere are called
- A. Localised resources
- B. Potential resources
- C. Ubiquitous resourcesCorrect
- D. Biotic resources
Explanation. Resources such as air that exist everywhere are ubiquitous resources. Those concentrated only at specific places are localised resources, which greatly influence the economic development of those regions.
Q3
Consider the following statements about the classification of resources.
i) On the basis of origin, resources are classified into biotic and abiotic resources.
ii) Air, land, water and minerals are examples of biotic resources.
iii) Petroleum from Mumbai High is an example of a developed resource.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- A. i and ii only
- B. i and iii onlyCorrect
- C. ii and iii only
- D. iii only
Explanation. By origin, resources are biotic or abiotic. Air, land, water and minerals are abiotic, being non-living inorganic matter, so ii is wrong. Mumbai High petroleum is the book's example of a developed resource.
Q4
Match the minerals with their types.
A. Manganese - 1. Non-metallic
B. Bauxite - 2. Precious metallic
C. Platinum - 3. Ferrous
D. Potash - 4. Non-ferrous
- A. A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1Correct
- B. A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1
- C. A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1
- D. A-1, B-4, C-2, D-3
Explanation. The chart of minerals lists manganese as ferrous, bauxite as non-ferrous, platinum as precious and potash among the non-metallic minerals.
Q5
Deposits found in the sands of valley floors and at the foot hills, containing minerals such as gold, silver and platinum, are called
- A. Veins and lodes
- B. Beds or layers
- C. Residual mass
- D. Alluvial depositsCorrect
Explanation. Alluvial deposits are found in the sands of valley floors and at the foot hills and contain gold, silver and platinum. Coal and potash occur in beds, and bauxite as residual mass.
Q6
Which type of iron ore contains 72% of pure iron?
- A. MagnetiteCorrect
- B. Hematite
- C. Limonite
- D. Siderite
Explanation. The book lists four iron ores: magnetite with 72% pure iron, hematite with 70%, limonite with 50% and siderite with only 30%.
Q7
An iron ore is considered uneconomical if its iron content is less than
- A. 30%Correct
- B. 50%
- C. 70%
- D. 84%
Explanation. The iron content of ores is highly variable. If the iron content is less than 30% in an ore, the lesson says it is considered uneconomical.
Q8
Assertion (A): India possesses the largest reserves of manganese in the world.
Reason (R): India is the largest producer of manganese ore in the world.
- A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
- B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
- C. A is true but R is false.Correct
- D. A is false but R is true.
Explanation. India possesses the largest reserves of manganese but is only the 8th largest producer. South Africa is the largest producer of manganese ore, followed by Australia.
Q9
Which of the following pairs is correctly matched?
- A. Copper + tin - Brass
- B. Copper + zinc - Bronze
- C. Copper + tin - BronzeCorrect
- D. Copper + nickel - Brass
Explanation. Copper is very soft. Mixing it with tin gives bronze and mixing it with zinc gives brass, both harder and tougher than pure copper.
Q10
The chief ore of copper, which yields nearly 76% of the world production of copper, is
- A. Copper pyriteCorrect
- B. Bauxite
- C. Hematite
- D. Cryolite
Explanation. The chief ore of copper is copper pyrite, which yields nearly 76% of world copper production. Copper is extracted by crushing, concentration, roasting, smelting and refining.
Q11
The word 'mica' comes from the Latin word 'micare', which means
- A. to split
- B. to shine or glitterCorrect
- C. to insulate
- D. to bend
Explanation. Mica comes from the Latin word micare, meaning to shine, to flash or to glitter. Mica has a crystalline, layered structure and can be split into very thin sheets.
Q12
Guano, an important source of phosphate, is
- A. a volcanic ash
- B. a sedimentary rock nodule
- C. bird droppingCorrect
- D. a residual mass of bauxite
Explanation. Phosphate occurs in sedimentary rocks or as phosphate nodules; another source is bird dropping, called guano. Guano deposits are found in the Peruvian and Chilean deserts of South America.
Q13
Consider the following statements about petroleum.
i) Oil is lighter than water and hence floats over water.
ii) When a drilled well reaches the rock cap, natural gas comes out first with great pressure.
iii) The Middle East holds about 40% of the world's oil reserves.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- A. i only
- B. i and ii onlyCorrect
- C. ii and iii only
- D. i, ii and iii
Explanation. Oil is lighter than water, and natural gas comes out first when drilling reaches the rock cap; petroleum flows once the gas pressure is released. The Middle East holds about 60% of reserves, not 40%.
Q14
The world's first commercial nuclear power station, opened in 1956, was
- A. Calder Hall at Windscale in EnglandCorrect
- B. Three Mile Island in the USA
- C. Fukushima Daiichi in Japan
- D. Chernobyl in Russia
Explanation. The world's first commercial nuclear power station, Calder Hall at Windscale, England, was opened in 1956. The other three are sites of devastating nuclear accidents.
Q15
Arrange the following nuclear accidents in chronological order.
1. Chernobyl
2. Fukushima Daiichi
3. Three Mile Island
- A. 1, 3, 2
- B. 3, 2, 1
- C. 3, 1, 2Correct
- D. 1, 2, 3
Explanation. Three Mile Island in the USA occurred on 28 March 1979, Chernobyl on 29 April 1986 and Fukushima Daiichi in Japan on 11 March 2011.
Q16
The largest wind farm in India is located at
- A. Muppandal in Kanyakumari districtCorrect
- B. Jaisalmer in Rajasthan
- C. Dhanuskodi in Tamil Nadu
- D. Altamont pass in California
Explanation. Muppandal in Kanyakumari district of Tamil Nadu and Jaisalmer wind park in Rajasthan are the first and second largest wind farms of India. Altamont pass in California is the world's largest.
Q17
The largest tidal power station in the world is located at
- A. Sihwa Lake in South KoreaCorrect
- B. La Rance in France
- C. Durgaduani creek in West Bengal
- D. Gulf of Kutch in Gujarat
Explanation. The first tidal power station was at La Rance in France, but the largest is at Sihwa Lake in South Korea, the largest tidal power producer in the world.
Q18
Consider the following statements about geothermal energy in India.
i) Exploration and study of geothermal fields in India started in 1970.
ii) The most promising geothermal location is the Puga valley of Ladakh.
iii) The estimated geothermal potential of India is about 10000 MW.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- A. i and ii only
- B. ii and iii only
- C. i and iii only
- D. i, ii and iiiCorrect
Explanation. All three are correct. Exploration began in 1970, the GSI identified 350 locations, Puga valley of Ladakh is the most promising, and the estimated potential is about 10000 MW.
Q19
The Kamuthi Solar Power Project in Ramanathapuram district has a generating capacity of
- A. 400 MW
- B. 648 MWCorrect
- C. 2,500 MW
- D. 8,500 MW
Explanation. The Kamuthi photovoltaic power station, commissioned by Adani Power and completed on 21 September 2016, has a generating capacity of 648 MW at a single location.
Q20
Pick the odd one out.
- A. Coal
- B. Petroleum
- C. Natural gas
- D. Tidal energyCorrect
Explanation. Coal, petroleum and natural gas are non-renewable sources of energy that cannot be regained once used. Tidal energy is a renewable source powered by the rise and fall of ocean water.
Q21
Which country has the largest reserves of natural gas and is also its leading producer?
- A. Russia
- B. Qatar
- C. The United StatesCorrect
- D. Iran
Explanation. Most natural gas reserves are in Russia, Iran, Qatar, UAE, Saudi Arabia and the USA. The USA has the largest reserve and is the leading producer (20.56%), while India is the 28th producer.
