Envisioning a New Socio-Economic Order - Quick Revision Sheet
Quick revision: dates
| Year | Event |
|---|---|
| 1909 | Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore |
| 1945 | Tata Institute of Fundamental Research |
| 1948 | First industrial policy statement |
| By 1949 | Zamindari abolition laws in UP, MP, Bihar, Madras, Assam, Bombay |
| 1950 | Planning Commission set up |
| 1951 | First Amendment; Industrial Development and Regulation Act; 5 public sector enterprises |
| 1951-56 | First Five Year Plan (agriculture) |
| 1955 | Fourth Amendment; West Bengal zamindari act |
| 1956 | Industrial Policy Resolution; zamindari abolition completed |
| 1956-61 | Second Plan, the Mahalanobis Plan |
| 1961 | First land ceiling in Tamilnadu |
| 1965 | HYV seeds adopted |
| 1972 | Ceiling unit changed to family |
| 1980 | IRDP introduced |
| 1991 | Public sector crisis; disinvestment; liberalisation |
| 2005 | MGNREGA passed |
| 2015 | NITI Aayog replaces Planning Commission |
Key figures
- Industry 13% of GDP in 1950; 80% depended on agriculture.
- Zamindari: 30 lakh tenants, 62 lakh hectares. Ceiling: 65 lakh hectares, 55 lakh tenants.
- Rice 35 to 104, wheat 11 to 94 million tonnes.
- IRDP subsidy: 25%, 33.3%, 50% (tribal).
- MGNREGA: 100 days, 15 days, 5 km, 60:40, one-third women.
- Public sector: 5 (1951) to 225 (2012).
- First Plan outlay Rs 3870 crores; agriculture 31%. Hindu rate of growth about 4%.
- Literacy 18.3% to 74%.
Key terms
- Disguised unemployment: surplus workers whose removal would not lower output.
- Land ceiling: the maximum land an individual or family may own by law.
- Long gestation projects: units that take many years before production starts.
- Nehruvian Socialism: state-led development borrowed from the Soviet model.
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