14 extra multiple-choice questions for Europe in Turmoil (12th Standard History, Samacheer Kalvi), beyond the ones printed in the textbook — each with the correct option highlighted and a clear, worked explanation. Free to read in English and Tamil.
Q1
Metternich said, "When France sneezes, Europe catches a cold." In which years did France "sneeze", according to the lesson?
- A. 1789, 1830 and 1848Correct
- B. 1789, 1815 and 1848
- C. 1815, 1830 and 1871
- D. 1830, 1848 and 1871
Explanation. The introduction says France sneezed not once but thrice, in 1789, 1830 and 1848, when revolutions broke out in France and their effects spread across Europe.
Q2
Which of the following statements is/are correct?
1. The term "Utopian Socialism" was first used by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.
2. Charles Fourier envisaged a co-operative society called phalansteres.
3. Saint Simon wrote the pamphlet "What is Property?"
- A. 1 and 2 onlyCorrect
- B. 2 and 3 only
- C. 1 and 3 only
- D. 1, 2 and 3
Explanation. Marx and Engels coined the term Utopian Socialism, and Fourier envisaged the phalansteres. The pamphlet "What is Property?" was written by Proudhon, not Saint Simon, so statement 3 is wrong.
Q3
Which of the following was NOT one of the six points of the People's Charter?
- A. Universal suffrage
- B. Annual parliaments
- C. Payment of members elected to the House of Commons
- D. Property qualification for candidatesCorrect
Explanation. The six points were universal suffrage, voting by ballot, no property qualification for candidates, payment of members, equal electoral districts and annual parliaments. The Chartists wanted property qualification removed.
Q4
Arrange the following in chronological order.
1. Founding of the Northern Star
2. Labour unions legalised in England
3. Factory Act passed by the British Parliament
4. Formation of the Grand National Consolidated Trades Union
- A. 2, 3, 1, 4
- B. 3, 2, 4, 1Correct
- C. 3, 4, 2, 1
- D. 2, 1, 3, 4
Explanation. The Factory Act came in 1819, labour unions were legalised in 1824, Owen's Grand National Consolidated Trades Union was formed in 1834 and the Northern Star was founded in 1837.
Q5
After the July Revolution of 1830, who was placed on the French throne in place of Charles X?
- A. Louis Napoleon
- B. Louis Philippe of OrleansCorrect
- C. Lamartine
- D. Louis Blanc
Explanation. When Charles X's four ordinances of 26 July 1830 led to an insurrection in Paris, he was advised to go into exile and his relative Louis Philippe of Orleans, backed by the middle class, was put in his place.
Q6
Assertion (A): The Assembly elected in April 1848 decided to shut down the workshops started at the initiative of Louis Blanc.
Reason (R): The workshops were seen as a threat to social order.
- A. Both A and R are correct. R explains ACorrect
- B. Both A and R are correct. R does not explain A
- C. A is correct but R is wrong
- D. A is wrong but R is correct
Explanation. The lesson says the newly elected Assembly, dominated by moderates, shut down Louis Blanc's workshops because they were seen as a threat to social order. The workers' revolt that followed led to the bloody June days.
Q7
Which of the following was a result of the risings that followed the July Revolution of 1830 in other parts of Europe?
- A. The Poles won freedom from the Russian Tsar
- B. Belgium separated from the Netherlands to form an independent stateCorrect
- C. Venice became an independent republic
- D. Hungary won national independence
Explanation. After 1830 the revolution succeeded in the Netherlands, where Belgium separated to form an independent state. The revolt of the Poles against the Tsar was suppressed; Venice and Hungary rose only in 1848.
Q8
Match the treaty with its outcome.
(A) Treaty of Zurich (1859) - 1. Denmark surrendered Schleswig and Holstein
(B) Treaty of Vienna (1864) - 2. France ceded Alsace-Lorraine
(C) Treaty of Prague - 3. Austria ceded Lombardy
(D) Treaty of Frankfurt (1871) - 4. Ended the Austro-Prussian War
- A. 1, 3, 2, 4
- B. 4, 1, 3, 2
- C. 3, 4, 1, 2
- D. 3, 1, 4, 2Correct
Explanation. By the Treaty of Zurich Austria ceded Lombardy; by the Treaty of Vienna Denmark surrendered the duchies; the Treaty of Prague ended the Seven Weeks' War; by the Treaty of Frankfurt France ceded Alsace-Lorraine.
Q9
Arrange the following events of Italian unification in chronological order.
1. Italy annexes Rome
2. Victor Emmanuel II proclaimed ruler of Italy by Parliament
3. Peace agreement at Villa Franca
4. Italy rewarded with Venetia
- A. 2, 3, 4, 1
- B. 3, 4, 2, 1
- C. 3, 2, 4, 1Correct
- D. 2, 4, 3, 1
Explanation. Napoleon III made peace with Austria at Villa Franca on 11 July 1859; Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed ruler of Italy in May 1861; Italy got Venetia after the 1866 war; and it annexed Rome in 1871.
Q10
Which of the following statements about the Frankfurt Assembly is/are correct?
1. The 'Great Germany' delegates wanted the crown offered to the Austrian Emperor.
2. The 'Little Germany' delegates wanted Austria excluded and the crown offered to the King of Prussia.
3. King Frederick William of Prussia accepted the crown offered by the Assembly.
- A. 1 and 2 onlyCorrect
- B. 2 and 3 only
- C. 1 and 3 only
- D. 3 only
Explanation. The Assembly split between Great Germany (crown to the Austrian Emperor) and Little Germany (Austria excluded, crown to Prussia). Frederick William declined the crown, unwilling to accept it from a revolutionary assembly.
Q11
By the Convention of Gastein (1865) it was agreed that
- A. Schleswig would be under Austria and Holstein under Prussia
- B. both duchies would return to Denmark
- C. Holstein would be under Austria and Schleswig under PrussiaCorrect
- D. both duchies would join the German Confederation
Explanation. After Denmark was defeated in 1864, the Convention of Gastein placed Holstein under Austria and Schleswig under Prussia. Holstein lay within Prussian territory, which made it hard for Austria to administer.
Q12
The Paris Commune of 1871 was defeated by
- A. Lecomte
- B. ThiersCorrect
- C. Gramont
- D. Lamartine
Explanation. The republican government of the 71-year-old Thiers fled Paris and gathered troops at Versailles; soon the Commune was defeated by Thiers, followed by summary shootings and mass arrests of the communards.
Q13
The Long Depression (1873-1896) was signalled by
- A. the Pullman Strike of 1894
- B. the bankruptcy of the Bryant and May Match Factory
- C. the end of the American Civil War
- D. the collapse of the Vienna Stock Market in May 1873Correct
Explanation. The lesson says the Depression was signalled by the collapse of the Vienna Stock Market in May 1873. It was world-wide, lasted till 1896 and hit Europe and the US hard.
Q14
Match the labour struggle with the related fact.
(A) Homestead strike (1892) - 1. American Railway Union
(B) Pullman Strike (1894) - 2. Cardinal Manning mediated
(C) Match Girls Strike - 3. Carnegie Steel Company
(D) London dock strike (1889) - 4. Bryant and May factory
- A. 1, 3, 2, 4
- B. 3, 4, 1, 2
- C. 3, 1, 4, 2Correct
- D. 4, 1, 3, 2
Explanation. The Homestead strike was at the Carnegie Steel Company's works; the Pullman Strike involved the American Railway Union; the Match Girls worked at Bryant and May; Cardinal Manning mediated in the London dock strike.
