Every Book Back multiple-choice question from Europe in Turmoil (12th Standard History, Samacheer Kalvi) — each with the correct option highlighted and a clear, worked explanation. Free to read in English and Tamil.
Q1
Napoleon was exiled first time to __________
- A. ElbaCorrect
- B. St. Helena
- C. Corsica
- D. Waterloo
Explanation. The introduction says Napoleon abdicated in 1814 and was exiled to Elba. After his final defeat at Waterloo in 1815 he was exiled to St. Helena, where he died in 1821.
Q2
Napoleon was defeated by the allied forces of British, Belgians and Prussians at Waterloo in __________
- A. France
- B. Germany
- C. BelgiumCorrect
- D. Italy
Explanation. The lesson states that in 1815 Napoleon was defeated by the allied forces of the British, Belgians and Prussians at Waterloo in Belgium.
Q3
Assertion (A): Utopian Socialists recommended model communities, where the means of production would be collectively owned.
Reason (R): They promoted a visionary idea of a socialistic society, devoid of poverty and unemployment.
- A. Both A and R are correct. R explains ACorrect
- B. Both A and R are correct. R does not explain A
- C. A is correct but R is wrong
- D. A is wrong but R is correct
Explanation. Both statements come from the section on Utopian Socialism. Their model communities with collective ownership grew out of their vision of a society free of poverty and unemployment, so R explains A, as the book's key also gives.
Q4
Labour Unions were legalised in England in __________
- A. 1815
- B. 1822
- C. 1824Correct
- D. 1827
Explanation. Trade unions were first declared illegal and their leaders imprisoned or banished. The lesson says that in 1824, however, labour unions were legalised.
Q5
Match the following and select the answer from the code given below.
(A) New Christianity - 1. William Lovett
(B) A New View of Society - 2. Louis Blanc
(C) Revue du Progres - 3. Saint Simon
(D) The People's Charter - 4. Robert Owen
- A. 2, 3, 4, 1
- B. 3, 4, 2, 1Correct
- C. 1, 4, 3, 2
- D. 3, 1, 2, 4
Explanation. Saint Simon wrote New Christianity, Robert Owen wrote A New View of Society (1818), Louis Blanc started the journal Revue du Progres (1839) and William Lovett prepared the People's Charter: 3, 4, 2, 1.
Q6
Marx and Engels published the Communist Manifesto in __________
- A. 1842
- B. 1848Correct
- C. 1867
- D. 1871
Explanation. On the eve of the 1848 Revolution Marx and Engels published The Communist Manifesto. 1867 is the year of the first volume of Das Kapital.
Q7
Assertion (A): The Chartist movement was not a riot or revolt.
Reason (R): It was an organised movement of the working class.
- A. Both A and R are correct. R explains ACorrect
- B. Both A and R are correct. R does not explain A
- C. A is correct but R is wrong
- D. A is wrong but R is correct
Explanation. The lesson says the working class of England lined up behind the Chartist movement, which was not a riot or revolt but an organised movement. Being organised is why it was not a riot, so R explains A.
Q8
The Chartist's principal newspaper was __________
- A. The Poor Man's Guardian
- B. The Charter
- C. The Northern StarCorrect
- D. Il Risorgimento
Explanation. The Chartists used several papers, but their principal paper was the Northern Star, founded in 1837, which soon equalled the circulation of the Times. Il Risorgimento was Cavour's Italian paper.
Q9
Louis Napoleon, the nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte, assumed the title __________
- A. Napoleon II
- B. Napoleon IIICorrect
- C. Duke of Orleans
- D. Napoleon IV
Explanation. Louis Napoleon was elected President in December 1848. In January 1852 he crowned himself Emperor through a plebiscite and assumed the title Napoleon III.
Q10
The author of Code de la Nature is __________
- A. Charles Fourier
- B. Etienne-Gabriel MorallyCorrect
- C. Saint Simon
- D. Bakunin
Explanation. The Utopian thinker Etienne-Gabriel Morally, in his Code de la Nature (1755), denounced private property and proposed a communistic organisation of society.
Q11
Assertion (A): The year 1848 was one of the distinct triumphs for nationalism.
Reason (R): Absolutism seemed dead for a while.
- A. Both A and R are correct. R explains ACorrect
- B. Both A and R are correct. R does not explain A
- C. A is correct but R is wrong
- D. A is wrong but R is correct
Explanation. In 1848 Metternich fled Vienna, Hungary and Bohemia claimed independence, Milan expelled the Austrians and Venice became a republic, so absolutism seemed dead for a while. The book's key gives (a).
Q12
The Second International was founded in __________
- A. ParisCorrect
- B. Berlin
- C. London
- D. Rome
Explanation. The lesson says the Second International was founded in Paris in 1889 and influenced the socialist movement till the outbreak of the First World War.
Q13
The Young Italy Movement was started in the year __________
- A. 1822
- B. 1827
- C. 1831Correct
- D. 1846
Explanation. Giuseppe Mazzini started the Young Italy movement in 1831 with the aim of an Italian Republic.
Q14
Parma, Modena and Tuscany were merged with the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia after __________
- A. plebisciteCorrect
- B. invasion of Charles Albert
- C. Treaty of Solferino
- D. Treaty of Villa Franca
Explanation. After Cavour was reappointed Prime Minister in 1860, Parma, Modena and Tuscany were merged with Piedmont-Sardinia through plebiscites; Savoy and Nice went to France the same way.
Q15
__________ was called the "Hero of Two Worlds".
- A. Charles Albert
- B. Bismarck
- C. Napoleon III
- D. GaribaldiCorrect
Explanation. Garibaldi fled to South America as an exile and fought for Rio Grande and Uruguay against Argentinian occupation, so he was called the Hero of Two Worlds.
Q16
The Seven Weeks' War was fought between __________
- A. Denmark and Prussia
- B. Piedmont-Sardinia and Austria
- C. France and Prussia
- D. Austria and PrussiaCorrect
Explanation. The Austro-Prussian War of 1866 is also known as the Seven Weeks' War. Prussia defeated Austria at Sadowa (Koniggratz) in Bohemia.
Q17
The Franco-Prussian War was triggered by __________
- A. Convention of Gastein
- B. Ems telegramCorrect
- C. The treaty of Prague
- D. Dispute over the control of Alsace-Lorraine
Explanation. Bismarck edited the King of Prussia's telegram from Ems so that the French felt their ambassador insulted and the Prussians their king humiliated. The Ems telegram triggered the war; Alsace-Lorraine was ceded only at its end.
Q18
__________ delivered a series of Addresses to the German Nation.
- A. Johann von Herder
- B. Friedrich Schlegel
- C. J.G. FichteCorrect
- D. Otto von Bismarck
Explanation. J.G. Fichte (1762-1814) delivered the Addresses to the German Nation, claiming the German spirit was superior to the rest. Herder and Schlegel glorified the German past.
Q19
Assertion (A): J.G. Fichte promoted the idea of nationalism among the Germans.
Reason (R): Fichte was the leader of Young Italy Movement.
- A. Both A and R are correct. R explains A
- B. Both A and R are correct. R does not explain A
- C. A is correct but R is wrongCorrect
- D. A is wrong but R is correct
Explanation. Fichte's Addresses to the German Nation promoted nationalism among the Germans, so A is correct. The Young Italy movement was started by Mazzini in 1831, so R is wrong.
Q20
Match and choose the correct answer from the code given below.
(A) Metternich - 1. Ruler of Piedmont-Sardinia
(B) Charles X - 2. French Foreign Minister
(C) Gramont - 3. French King
(D) Charles Albert - 4. Chancellor of Austria-Hungary
- A. 1, 3, 4, 2
- B. 4, 2, 1, 3
- C. 4, 1, 2, 3
- D. 4, 3, 2, 1Correct
Explanation. Metternich was Chancellor of Austria-Hungary, Charles X the Bourbon king of France, Gramont the French Foreign Minister who met the Prussian king at Ems, and Charles Albert king of Piedmont-Sardinia: 4, 3, 2, 1.
