26 extra multiple-choice questions for Fundamentals of Human Resource Management (12th Standard Commerce, Samacheer Kalvi), beyond the ones printed in the textbook — each with the correct option highlighted and a clear, worked explanation. Free to read in English and Tamil.
Q1
Who said, "Man, of all resources available to him, can grow and develop"?
- A. E.F.L. Brech
- B. Peter F. DruckerCorrect
- C. Henri Fayol
- D. F.W. Taylor
Explanation. The Class 12 Commerce lesson quotes Peter F. Drucker: man, of all resources available to him, can grow and develop. This is given under the meaning and definition of human resource.
Q2
According to E.F.L. Brech, HRM is that part of the management process which is primarily concerned with
- A. the financial resources of an organisation
- B. the human constituents of an organisationCorrect
- C. the physical assets of an organisation
- D. the marketing activities of an organisation
Explanation. E.F.L. Brech defined HRM as that part of the management process which is primarily concerned with the human constituents of an organisation.
Q3
According to the lesson, which human beings are considered to be human resources?
- A. Every person living in the country
- B. Only the owners and shareholders of a firm
- C. Only those who have acquired the required skills, talents, knowledge and competenciesCorrect
- D. Only those who work in the government sector
Explanation. The lesson says not all human beings are human resources, but only those individuals who acquired the required skill sets, talents, knowledge, competencies and capabilities to achieve individual and organisational objectives.
Q4
Consider the following statements on the characteristics of human resources:
1. Human resource is the only factor of production that lives.
2. Human resource created all other resources.
3. The employee himself is hired, not just his labour.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
- A. 1 only
- B. 1 and 2 onlyCorrect
- C. 2 and 3 only
- D. 1, 2 and 3
Explanation. Statements 1 and 2 are characteristics listed in the lesson. Statement 3 is wrong: the book says it is only the labour of employees that is hired and not the employee himself.
Q5
Which one of the following is NOT a characteristic of human resources given in the lesson?
- A. Over years human resources gain value and appreciate
- B. The behaviour of human resources is unpredictable
- C. Human resources are movable
- D. Human resources depreciate in value over timeCorrect
Explanation. The lesson says that over years human resources gain value and appreciate, unlike machines that depreciate. Unpredictable behaviour and movability are both listed characteristics.
Q6
Human resources can be motivated
- A. only financially
- B. only non financially
- C. either financially or non financiallyCorrect
- D. only through punishment
Explanation. Characteristic vii in the lesson states that human resources can be motivated either financially or non financially, because they are emotional beings.
Q7
Which of the following is a reason for the significance of human resource given in the lesson?
- A. Human resources are well protected by legislative frameworksCorrect
- B. Human resources can be used only at the top level
- C. Human resources need no training
- D. Human resources work only individually
Explanation. Among the significance points, the lesson says human resources are well protected by legislative frameworks and can be utilised at all levels of management; their skills improve through training.
Q8
HRM makes use of concepts of sociology, psychology and economics. Hence it is
- A. intangible
- B. interdisciplinaryCorrect
- C. goal oriented
- D. a continuous process
Explanation. The lesson says HRM uses concepts of different disciplines like sociology, psychology and economics, making it interdisciplinary.
Q9
Which feature of HRM means that it can be measured only by results?
- A. It is all pervasive
- B. It is a dynamic activity
- C. It is intangibleCorrect
- D. It is universally relevant
Explanation. The lesson describes HRM as an intangible function which can be measured only by results.
Q10
Under the feature 'a systematic approach', the two sets of functions performed by HRM are
- A. managerial and operative functionsCorrect
- B. primary and secondary functions
- C. main and subsidiary functions
- D. financial and marketing functions
Explanation. The lesson says HRM lays emphasis on a systematic approach, and the two sets of functions performed are managerial and operative functions.
Q11
Match the features of HRM with their meaning:
(A) Goal oriented - (1) It exists as long as there is human resource in the organisation
(B) Continuous process - (2) People have feelings and emotions to be handled with care
(C) Dynamic activity - (3) Organisational goals are achieved through best use of people
(D) Integrative tool - (4) Motivates, makes people participate and coordinates the work force
- A. A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4Correct
- B. A-1, B-3, C-4, D-2
- C. A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4
- D. A-4, B-1, C-2, D-3
Explanation. Goal oriented means goals are achieved through best use of human resource; continuous because it exists as long as people work there; dynamic because people have feelings; integrative because it motivates, involves and coordinates the work force.
Q12
Human resource management is said to have universal relevance because
- A. it is used only in large factories
- B. it is applicable at all levels, though its approach varies with the organisationCorrect
- C. it is used only by the government
- D. it follows the same style in every organisation
Explanation. The lesson says HRM has universal relevance; its approach and style vary depending on the nature of the organisation structure, and it is applicable at all levels.
Q13
Which significance of HRM ensures that no employee is either under qualified or over qualified?
- A. To incorporate change
- B. To select right man for right jobCorrect
- C. To provide scope for collective bargaining
- D. To emphasise socialisation
Explanation. Under 'to select right man for right job' the lesson says HRM ensures the right talent for the right job, so that no employee is under qualified or over qualified.
Q14
Why is determination of manpower needs in an organisation very important?
- A. It is a form of investment and the number of men must be identified accurately to optimise costCorrect
- B. It removes the need for training
- C. It increases labour turnover
- D. It replaces collective bargaining
Explanation. The lesson says determining manpower needs is very important as it is a form of investment; the number of men required must be identified accurately to optimise the cost.
Q15
HRM determines the level of commitment of employees to their work through
- A. collective bargaining
- B. interview or questionnaireCorrect
- C. job evaluation
- D. strikes and lockouts
Explanation. Under 'to determine employee commitment', the lesson says HRM finds the level of commitment either through interview or questionnaire; higher commitment means greater chance of success.
Q16
HRM encourages the workforce to form a union to represent their grievances. This is the significance called
- A. to emphasise socialisation
- B. to provide scope for collective bargainingCorrect
- C. to update the skill and knowledge
- D. to appraise the performance of employees
Explanation. The lesson says HRM provides scope for collective bargaining by encouraging the workforce to form a union to represent grievances and find early solutions by collective representation.
Q17
According to the lesson, a favourable employee attitude can be promoted through
- A. conflict resolution, counselling and grievance handlingCorrect
- B. reducing wages
- C. increasing working hours
- D. avoiding communication with workers
Explanation. Under 'to promote favourable employee attitude', the lesson says organisations should give a good work environment, achieved through conflict resolution, counselling and settling grievances.
Q18
Assertion (A): Human resource management acts as an agent to make change effective in an organisation.
Reason (R): Change is constant in any organisation.
- A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of ACorrect
- B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
- C. A is true but R is false
- D. A is false but R is true
Explanation. The lesson says change is constant in any organisation and must be introduced in such a way that HRM acts as an agent to make the change effective. R explains why A is needed.
Q19
Which of the following is NOT a managerial function of HRM?
- A. Planning
- B. Organising
- C. ProcurementCorrect
- D. Controlling
Explanation. The managerial functions of HRM are planning, organising, directing and controlling. Procurement is an operative function along with development, compensation, retention, integration and maintenance.
Q20
Job analysis, human resource planning, recruitment, selection and placement come under which operative function?
- A. ProcurementCorrect
- B. Compensation
- C. Retention
- D. Integration
Explanation. The lesson says procurement, or acquisition, deals with job analysis, human resource planning, recruitment, selection, placement, transfer and promotion.
Q21
Job evaluation, wage and salary administration, incentives, bonus and fringe benefits are dealt with under
- A. Development
- B. CompensationCorrect
- C. Maintenance
- D. Procurement
Explanation. The lesson says compensation deals with job evaluation, wage and salary administration, incentives, bonus, fringe benefits and social security schemes.
Q22
Which operative function aims to bring about reconciliation between personal interest and organisational interest?
- A. Retention
- B. IntegrationCorrect
- C. Development
- D. Maintenance
Explanation. The lesson says integration is concerned with activities that aim to bring about reconciliation between personal interest and organisational interest.
Q23
Find the odd one out with respect to the Development function of HRM.
- A. Performance appraisal
- B. Executive development
- C. Career planning
- D. Job evaluationCorrect
Explanation. Development includes performance appraisal, training, executive development, career planning and organisational development. Job evaluation belongs to the compensation function.
Q24
Which managerial function of HRM bridges the gap between where we are and where we want to go?
- A. PlanningCorrect
- B. Organising
- C. Directing
- D. Controlling
Explanation. The lesson says planning is deciding in advance what to do, how to do and who is to do it, and it bridges the gap between where we are and where we want to go.
Q25
Arrange the steps of the control process in the order given in the lesson:
1. Measuring actual performance
2. Fixing of standards
3. Taking corrective actions
4. Comparing actual with standard
- A. 2, 1, 4, 3Correct
- B. 1, 2, 4, 3
- C. 2, 4, 1, 3
- D. 4, 2, 1, 3
Explanation. The lesson lists the control process as fixing of standards, measuring actual performance, comparing actual with standard, measuring deviations and taking corrective actions.
Q26
Health and safety, welfare, social security, job satisfaction and quality of work life help in
- A. Procurement
- B. RetentionCorrect
- C. Compensation
- D. Integration
Explanation. The lesson says retention is made possible through health and safety, welfare, social security, job satisfaction and quality of work life.
