24 extra multiple-choice questions for Grievance Redressal Mechanism (12th Standard Commerce, Samacheer Kalvi), beyond the ones printed in the textbook — each with the correct option highlighted and a clear, worked explanation. Free to read in English and Tamil.
Q1
The couplet that opens this chapter, which names freedom from epidemics, wealth, produce, happiness and protection as the five ornaments of a kingdom, is Thirukkural number ____.
- A. 738Correct
- B. 518
- C. 381
- D. 545
Explanation. The chapter opens with Kural 738, which says the learned call freedom from epidemics, wealth, produce, happiness and protection the five ornaments of a kingdom.
Q2
Who said, "A customer is the most important visitor on our premises. He is not dependent on us. We are dependent on him"?
- A. Jawaharlal Nehru
- B. Mahatma GandhiCorrect
- C. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
- D. Rajiv Gandhi
Explanation. The chapter quotes Mahatma Gandhi: the customer is the most important visitor, he is not an interruption of our work but the purpose of it, and he does us a favour by letting us serve him.
Q3
Which of the following are given in the chapter as reasons why consumers in India are exploited?
1. There is a shortage of many products.
2. A few firms enjoy monopoly power in the market.
3. Consumers are well organised and united.
- A. 1 and 2 onlyCorrect
- B. 2 and 3 only
- C. 1 and 3 only
- D. 1, 2 and 3
Explanation. Section 18.01 lists shortage of products, monopoly power of a few firms, and ignorant, poor consumers who lack unity. Statement 3 is the opposite of the book: there is a lack of unity among consumers.
Q4
The Consumer Protection Act provides for Consumer Protection Councils at which levels?
- A. Village, block and district levels
- B. District, State and Central levelsCorrect
- C. State level only
- D. Central level only
Explanation. Section 18.02 says the Act provides for Consumer Protection Councils at the District, State and Central levels to spread consumer awareness and to promote and protect consumers' rights.
Q5
Under which section of the Consumer Protection Act, 1986 is a District Forum established by the State Government in each district?
- A. Section 21
- B. Section 23
- C. Section 9Correct
- D. Section 193
Explanation. Section 18.04 says that as per the Consumer Protection Act of 1986 and its Section 9, the State Government establishes a District Forum in each district. Section 21 covers the National Commission's jurisdiction and Section 23 appeals.
Q6
Every proceeding before the District Forum is deemed to be a judicial proceeding within the meaning of which sections of the Indian Penal Code?
- A. Sections 21 and 23
- B. Sections 193 and 228Correct
- C. Sections 9 and 21
- D. Sections 120 and 250
Explanation. Under Powers of the District Forum, the book says its proceedings are deemed judicial proceedings within the meaning of sections 193 and 228 of the Indian Penal Code, and the Forum is deemed a Civil Court.
Q7
Match the consumer forum with its pecuniary jurisdiction:
(a) District Forum - 1. Above Rs 1 crore
(b) State Commission - 2. Up to Rs 20 lakhs
(c) National Commission - 3. Above Rs 20 lakhs to Rs 1 crore
- A. a-2, b-3, c-1Correct
- B. a-3, b-2, c-1
- C. a-1, b-3, c-2
- D. a-2, b-1, c-3
Explanation. The pecuniary jurisdiction box gives the District Forum claims up to Rs 20 lakhs, the State Commission above Rs 20 lakhs to Rs 1 crore, and the National Commission claims above Rs 1 crore.
Q8
According to the chapter, at present there are more than ____ District Forums and more than ____ State Commissions in India.
- A. 620; 30Correct
- B. 250; 120
- C. 30; 620
- D. 120; 250
Explanation. The box in the chapter says there are more than 620 District Forums and more than 30 State Commissions, with the National Commission (NCDRC) at the apex in New Delhi.
Q9
The National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission (NCDRC) was set up in ____ under the Consumer Protection Act of 1986.
- A. 1960
- B. 1986
- C. 1988Correct
- D. 1987
Explanation. Section 18.06 says the NCDRC is a quasi-judicial commission set up in 1988 under the Consumer Protection Act of 1986, with its head office in New Delhi.
Q10
How many members should the National Commission have?
- A. Three
- B. FiveCorrect
- C. Seven
- D. Two
Explanation. The NCDRC is constituted by a Notification. The National Commission should have five members: one from the judiciary and others of ability, knowledge and experience from other fields, including a woman.
Q11
Which section of the Consumer Protection Act, 1986 describes the jurisdiction of the National Commission, such as entertaining complaints valued above Rs 1 crore?
- A. Section 9
- B. Section 21Correct
- C. Section 23
- D. Section 228
Explanation. The book says Section 21 of the Act gives the National Commission jurisdiction to entertain complaints above Rs 1 crore, revise State Commission orders and call for records. Section 9 covers the District Forum, Section 23 appeals.
Q12
Assertion (A): A person aggrieved by an order of the National Commission may appeal to the Supreme Court of India.
Reason (R): Section 23 of the Consumer Protection Act, 1986 provides for such an appeal within a period of 30 days.
- A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of ACorrect
- B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
- C. A is true but R is false
- D. A is false but R is true
Explanation. The Appellate Forum part of section 18.06 says Section 23 of the Act lets any person aggrieved by a National Commission order appeal to the Supreme Court within 30 days, so R explains A.
Q13
A person aggrieved by an order of the State Commission may prefer an appeal to the National Commission within ____ from the date of the order.
- A. 30 daysCorrect
- B. 60 days
- C. 90 days
- D. 2 years
Explanation. The book says any person aggrieved by a State Commission order may appeal to the National Commission within 30 days. Appeals from the District Forum and the National Commission also carry a 30-day limit.
Q14
A consumer complaint can be registered within ____ from the date on which the cause of action has arisen.
- A. 30 days
- B. 6 months
- C. 1 year
- D. 2 yearsCorrect
Explanation. Under How to register the complaints, the first point says a complaint can be registered within 2 years from the date on which the cause of action arose.
Q15
Which of the following statements about registering a consumer complaint are correct?
1. Stamp paper is not required for the declaration.
2. Advocates are not necessary.
3. The complaint may be sent by post to the redressal agency.
- A. 1 and 2 only
- B. 2 and 3 only
- C. 1 and 3 only
- D. 1, 2 and 3Correct
Explanation. The book says stamp paper is not required, advocates are not necessary, and the complaint can be filed in person, through an authorised agent or by post addressed to the redressal agency. All three are correct.
Q16
Which of the following is NOT listed in the chapter as someone who can make a complaint?
- A. A registered Voluntary Consumer Association
- B. The Central Government
- C. A State Government or Union Territory
- D. The manufacturer of the defective goodsCorrect
Explanation. The book lists a consumer under the Act, a registered Voluntary Consumer Association, the Central Government, a State Government or Union Territory, and consumers with the same interest. The manufacturer is the party complained against.
Q17
The Consumer Welfare Fund (CWF) is operated by ____.
- A. The Department of Consumer AffairsCorrect
- B. The National Commission
- C. The State Commission
- D. The International Organisation of Consumers Unions
Explanation. Under the objectives of voluntary organisations, the book says the Department of Consumer Affairs (DCA) operates the Consumer Welfare Fund, which supports Voluntary Consumer Organisations through grants.
Q18
Which of the following is NOT one of the efforts listed for voluntary consumer organisations to accelerate consumer awareness?
- A. Publishing brochures, journals and monographs
- B. Arranging conferences, seminars and workshops
- C. Providing special education to women about consumerism
- D. Fixing the maximum retail price of productsCorrect
Explanation. The book lists publishing brochures, journals and monographs, arranging conferences, seminars and workshops, educating consumers to help themselves, and special education for women. Fixing prices is not a task of these organisations.
Q19
Where is the head office of the International Organisation of Consumers Unions (IOCU)?
- A. New Delhi
- B. LondonCorrect
- C. Chennai
- D. Mumbai
Explanation. The box on the IOCU says its head office is in London, England, with regional offices in Latin America, Asia, the Pacific, the Middle East and Africa.
Q20
The International Organisation of Consumers Unions (IOCU) has over ____ member organisations in ____ countries.
- A. 250; 120Correct
- B. 120; 250
- C. 620; 30
- D. 30; 620
Explanation. The IOCU box says the organisation, first established in 1960, has over 250 member organisations in 120 countries.
Q21
Which of the following is NOT a relief that the District Forum or State Commission can order for a consumer?
- A. Remove the defects in the goods
- B. Replace the goods
- C. Return the price of the goods to the complainant
- D. Send the trader to prisonCorrect
Explanation. Under Relief to the Consumers the book lists removing defects, replacing goods, returning the price, compensation, stopping unfair trade practices, withdrawing hazardous goods and paying the complainant's costs. Imprisonment is not listed.
Q22
What is the first step in filing a complaint in a consumer court?
- A. Filing an appeal in the Supreme Court
- B. Sending a legal notice to the seller or companyCorrect
- C. Buying stamp paper for the declaration
- D. Writing to the IOCU in London
Explanation. The book says the first step in filing a consumer complaint is to send a legal notice to the seller or company, giving the consumer's details, the problem, the action expected and a time period to act.
Q23
Assertion (A): The State Commission can call for the records of a consumer dispute pending before or decided by any District Forum within the State.
Reason (R): The State Commission has no power to hear appeals against the orders of a District Forum.
- A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
- B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
- C. A is true but R is falseCorrect
- D. A is false but R is true
Explanation. A is one of the State Commission's listed powers. R is false: the book says the State Commission can entertain appeals against any District Forum order in the State and may reverse or confirm those orders.
Q24
Arrange the following in chronological order:
1. Setting up of the National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission
2. First establishment of the IOCU
3. Passing of the Consumer Protection Act
- A. 2, 3, 1Correct
- B. 3, 2, 1
- C. 2, 1, 3
- D. 1, 3, 2
Explanation. The IOCU was first established in 1960, the Consumer Protection Act was passed in 1986, and the NCDRC was set up under it in 1988. So the order is 2, 3, 1.
